Step 6 Objective

Simplify or transform linear expressions by collecting like terms; multiply a single term over a bracket.

Examples of what pupils should know and be able to do

Simplify these expressions:

  1. 3a + 2b + 2ab
  2. 4x + 7 + 3x – 3 – x
  3. 3(x + 5)
  4. 12 – (n – 3)
  5. m(np)
  6. 4(a + 2b) – 2(2a + b)

Probing questions

Can you write an expression that would simplify to, e.g.

6m − 3n, or 8 (3x + 6)?

Are there others?

Can you give me an expression that is equivalent to, e.g.

4p + 3q − 2?

Are there others?

What do you look for when you have an expression to simplify? What are the important stages?

What hints and tips would you give to someone about simplifying expressions?

Removing a bracket from an expression:

Give pupils examples of multiplying out a bracket that includes errors. Ask them to identify and talk through the errors and how they should be corrected, e.g.

4(b + 2) = 4b + 2

3(p − 4) = 3p − 7

−2(5 − b) = −10 − 2b

12 − (n − 3) = 9 − n

Similarly for simplifying.

What if pupils find this a barrier?

Use classifying, matching or pyramid activities from Teaching mental mathematics from Level 5 to generate mathematical talk and expose misconceptions.

Ask pupils to write expressions in as many ways as they can, e.g.

3m can be expressed as:

m + m + m

2m + m

3 × m

6m over 2etc.

Devise sets of equivalent expressions, write them on cards and ask pupils to sort them into the equivalent sets.

Use a clouding the picture approach to help pupils expand as well as simplify expressions.